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annotate this for me: The relationship between physical activity and mental health has been widely investigated, and several hypotheses have been formulated about it. Specifically, during the aging process, physical exercise might represent a potential adjunctive treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders and cognitive impairment, helping delay the onset of neurodegenerative processes. Even though exercise itself might act as a stressor, it has been demonstrated that it reduces the harmful effects of other stressors when performed at moderate intensities. Neurotransmitter release, neurotrophic factor and neurogenesis, and cerebral blood flow alteration are some of the concepts involved. In this review, the potential effects of exercise on the aging process and on mental health are discussed, concerning some of the recent findings on animal and human research. The overwhelming evidence present in the literature today suggests that exercise ensures successful brain functioning. Neurodegenerative diseases become more prevalent as individuals age and, therefore, represent a serious issue for the healthcare system. Since inactivity is the number one risk factor for many diseases, physical activity has become an emerging topic of interest for many investigators. Exercise might act as an efficient and low-cost adjunctive factor in the treatment and prevention of age-related neurodegenerative processes [1, 2] . Recent studies have focused on the correlation between physical activity and mental health [3-6] . Clinical evidence has demonstrated that exercise has a positive relationship with the outcome of different mental diseases, such as depression, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, improving not only patients’ quality of life but the disease itself [7-9] . Some authors state that the influence of exercise on brain functioning might be related to the human evolutionary process, since physical activity is associated with survival. It has been suggested that individuals who exercise might show a biological advantage over sedentary individuals [4] . Indeed, exercise is related to enhanced cognitive functioning and brain plasticity [10, 11] . Although there is an increasing interest in the mechanisms supporting the positive effects of exercise on mental health, clinical evidence is still very limited.
SCIENCE
HEALTH SCIENCE
NURSING

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