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怎样回复这个同学Hello class, Autonomy is the ethical principle that seeks “self-determination” (Guyer, 2003) of care done by the patient. Each of the three requirements of consent (voluntary, competent, and informed) necessitates autonomy from the patient. As consent requires the autonomy of “thought, intention, and action” (Johnson, n.d.) in personal and surrogate healthcare decision making. A positive impact of the ethical principle of autonomy is the respect for an individual’s decision making when it comes to their own care. A negative impact of the ethical principle of autonomy is that the aforementioned respect is followed at the cost of one or more other ethical principles of medicine. A potential resolution to this is the concept of paternalism. Which is the idea that one person knows better than another and intervenes, this idea is in direct “dynamic tension” (Darr, 2011, p. 29) with autonomy. Here is an example to think about: a newborn with Neonatal encephalopathy is to be sent to the NICU for immediate treatment. But before the child can be transported, the mother refuses the treatment insisting that she does not “want that life” for her child. What can be done here by the medical staff? And how can their personal ethical opinions affect the final outcome of this child? Studying ethics is important, especially towards the degree we are all trying to reach, because we (fellow classmates) are to be some of the future moral agents of healthcare. A well-informed ethical stance is necessary to understand and solve the ethical dilemmas of any healthcare organization. A well-informed healthcare manager is responsible for having the moral courage to stand up for what is right “despite personal risk, adversity, and professional isolation.” (Murray, 2010) Darr, K. (2011). Chapter 1: Considering Moral Philosophies and Principles. In Ethics in Health Services Management, Fifth Edition (5th ed., p. 29). essay, Health Professions Press, Inc. Retrieved February 7, 2024, from https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/apus/detail.action?docID=4816403. Guyer, P. (2003). Kant on the theory and practice of autonomy. Social Philosophy and Policy, 20(2), 70-98. https://doi.org/10.1017/s026505250320203x Johnson, A. (n.d.). What are the Basic Principles of Medical Ethics?. Medical ethics 101. https://web.stanford.edu/class/siw198q/websites/reprotech/New%20Ways%20of%20Making%20Babies/EthicVoc.htm Murray, J. S. (2010). Moral courage in healthcare: Acting ethically even in the presence of risk. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.3912/ojin.vol15no03man02
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HEALTH SCIENCE
NURSING

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