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1. Discuss how gaseous exchange occurs in

a) Terrestrial Insects (9mks)

b) Bony fish      (11mks)

2. a) Explain how mammalian lungs are adapted for gaseous exchange. 

(8mks)

b) Describe how carbon dioxide is produced by

i)  Respiring muscle cells reaches the alveolar cavities in 

mammalian lungs.

ii)  Respiring mesophyll cells of flowering plants reaches the 

atmosphere.            (12 mks)

3. a) Describe the path taken by carbon dioxide released from the tissues 

of an insect to the atmosphere.

b) Name two structures used for gaseous exchange in plants. (2mks)

4. Why are gills in fish highly vascularized? (1mk)

5. Describe the 

a) Process of inhalation in mammals. (10 mks)

b) Mechanism of opening and closing of stomata (10 mks)

6. Name three sites where gaseous exchange takes place in terrestrial plants. (3mks)

7. How is aerenchyma tissue adapted to its function? (2mks)

8. Why is it hard to discern statistically whether aid causes an increase in economic

growth?

a. Reliable data on aid flows are hard to get.

b. We only have data on GDPs of countries, not on other measures of economic

success.

c. There could be causation going from growth to aid.

d. Measured GDP includes aid, and therefore the two cannot be distinguished.

e. Economic growth is measured for countries, but foreign aid goes to individuals.

9. How do Levinsohn and McMillan determine who gains and who loses from food

aid?

a. They ask the US Department of Agriculture how much food aid each country

gets in comparison to their incomes.

b. They survey households in a developing country to find which buy more than

they sell of the food products provided as aid.

c. They use data from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) on the exports

and imports of food by developing countries.

d. They calculate the nutritional value of different foods in comparison to their

costs.

e. They analyze satellite maps of the world to determine where various crops are

produced.

10. The World Bank’s “Doing Business” indicators

a. Record the industries in which countries have comparative advantage.

b. Rank countries by the size of their foreign direct investment as host countries.

c. Rank countries by the size of their foreign direct investment as source countries.

d. Measure the ease of starting and running a business in many countries.

e. Are a hindrance to economic development because they deter investment in poor

countries.

11. How do the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) and the Sustainable

Development Goals (SDG) differ:

a. The MDG were to be completed by 2015 while the SDG began in 2016.

b. The SDG include more than twice as many goals as the MDG.

c. The MDG were to be completed in ten years, while 15 years are allowed for the

SDG.

d. The MDG include a single goal of eradicating extreme poverty and hunger, while

the SDG include “zero poverty” and “zero hunger” as two separate goals.

e. All of the above.

SCIENCE
HEALTH SCIENCE
NURSING

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