A middle-aged man has been diagnosed with chronic bronchitis and is having difficulty breathing whil. Question
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A middle-aged man has been diagnosed with chronic bronchitis and is having difficulty breathing whilst in your care. His breathing is quite shallow and decreased ventilation (hypoventilation) means he will retain carbon dioxide in his blood. You are not too concerned about the reduced oxygen levels in the blood due to less ventilation; however, you know your patient runs the risk of becoming too acidic.
a) What effect does an increase in plasma carbon dioxide have on hydrogen ion concentration?
b) Explain the negative feedback loop that is activated when increased levels of carbon dioxide are detected in the bloodstream. Include names of the structures involved with the detection of the stimulus and outline which parts of the body bring about the desired homeostatic response.
c) Using exercise an example, make it clear how a change in ventilation can rectify the disturbance caused by increased carbon dioxide levels and restore homeostatic balance.
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A middle-aged man has been diagnosed with chronic bronchitis and is having difficulty breathing whil