14. Via what mechanism can a single postganglionic autonomic cell affect a large area of target tiss. Question
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14. Via what mechanism can a single postganglionic autonomic cell affect a large area of target tissue?
15. What is paracrine signalling?
16. During your sensory physiology lab class you touched your lab partners skin at 2 points using a pair of dividers, however your lab partner only felt touch at one point. What is the most likely explanation for this happening?
17. When a hormone binds to a membrane receptor on a target cell and activates a second messenger, there are 3 main intracellular processes that can occur that result in a rapid response in the cell. What are they?
18. Describe the difference between convergence of neural information and divergence?
19. Describe the the difference in storage of peptide hormones and steroid hormones inside the cell. How are they each released from the cell when needed.
20. When the Parasympathetic nervous system is activated, what is the effect on heart rate, on bronchial tubes and on pupils?
21. Consider signal transduction across a cell membrane using a G protein-coupled receptor. What is the action of the ‘first messenger’ molecule? What activates the amplifier enzyme?
22. Consider summation of graded potentials. What is summation? Describe spatial summation.
23. A neuron uses the Na+ /K+ ATPase pump to move sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell. This is an example of what type of transport mechanism? Are the ions being moved down their concentration gradients, or against their concentration gradients?
24. Does the Na+/K+ pump assist in the maintenance of the resting membrane potential or the firing of an action potential ?
25. Describe briefly how the same hormone can have multiple effects throughout the body.
26. List 3 different categories of stimuli that can act directly onto endocrine cells and stimulate the release of hormones
27. When plasma glucose levels fall between meals, this stimulates release of which hormone from the pancreas? What is/are the target cell/s for this hormone?
28. Describe the difference between a nervous reflex and an endocrine reflex. Which one is faster and why?
29. Which of the following events is electrical signalling and which is chemical signalling? Write ‘Electrical’ or ‘Chemical’ at a), b), c) and d) on your answersheet.
a) Action potential travelling down an axon
b) An excitatory postsynaptic potential travelling across a cell body
c) A receptor- channel being stimulated to open
d) A neurotransmitter binding to the target cell
30. Describe the sequence of events that happens in the nervous system as part of the knee jerk reflex. Referring specifically to the Knee Jerk Reflex, start with what is the stimulus that sets off the reflex, and then describe each step in the order they occur. Include information on what is the stimulus, the integrating centre, the sensor, the response, the effector, the afferent pathway and the efferent pathway and the feedback pathway.
SCIENCE
HEALTH SCIENCE
NURSING
HEALTH SCI HBIO1007
14. Via what mechanism can a single postganglionic autonomic cell affect a large area of target tiss
